Patients may present with severe headache, weakness, seizures, loss of balance, back or neck pain, nerve compression, injury or a diagnosed brain or spine lesion. Evaluation combines neurological examination with MRI, CT and other targeted studies, followed by careful review of whether surgery offers meaningful benefit. Pathways may include monitoring and non-surgical care, craniotomy, tumour removal, vascular surgery, spinal decompression or fusion and selected functional procedures. The department aims to protect neurological function, relieve pressure or pain and achieve the safest possible recovery.