Patients may have difficulty with self-care, school, work, movement, attention or sensory processing after stroke, injury, neurological disease, developmental conditions or mental illness. Assessment examines functional abilities, environment and personal goals using age-appropriate tasks and structured measures. Treatment can include neurodevelopmental or cognitive training, hand and coordination exercises, sensory integration, splints, assistive devices and home, classroom or workplace modification, with speech support where required. The aim is to build practical capability, prevent avoidable disability and enable fuller participation in meaningful everyday activities.