Patients may present with persistent joint pain, swelling, stiffness, fatigue, muscle symptoms or signs that other organs are involved. Evaluation combines the history and physical examination with blood tests, imaging and other investigations chosen to distinguish inflammatory, autoimmune and degenerative causes. Treatment may include medication, physical and occupational therapy, lifestyle modification and surgical referral when joint damage requires it, with regular monitoring for chronic disease. The department aims to reduce inflammation and pain, prevent progression and preserve mobility, independence and long-term wellbeing.