Patients may present with abdominal pain, gallstones, hernia, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, thyroid disease, hydrocele, varicocele or a suspected tumour. Assessment includes surgical examination and relevant blood tests, ultrasound, CT or other imaging to confirm the problem and judge urgency. Treatment may involve observation or medical optimisation, followed by laparoscopic or open surgery, tissue removal, repair or reconstruction and planned post-operative care. The department aims to treat the underlying condition safely while limiting complications and supporting an efficient return to normal activity.