Patients may be referred after a suspicious finding or confirmed cancer that could benefit from surgery. Evaluation reviews examination findings, pathology, imaging and stage, alongside general health and the effect an operation may have on nearby organs and function. The treatment pathway may involve biopsy, tumour removal, lymph-node surgery, minimally invasive techniques, reconstruction or symptom-relieving surgery, often combined with systemic or other cancer therapy. The department aims for complete and safe resection where possible, lower recurrence risk and the best achievable quality of life.