Newborns may need care for prematurity, breathing difficulty, infection, jaundice, feeding problems, congenital conditions or complications around delivery. Assessment begins immediately through examination, continuous monitoring and targeted laboratory or imaging tests, including specialised bedside ultrasound where indicated. Treatment can involve thermal and nutritional support, oxygen or ventilation, surfactant, medication, exchange transfusion, vascular access and coordinated neonatal surgery. The department aims to stabilise vulnerable babies, minimise complications and support safe growth, development and transition home with their families.