Patients commonly present with knee or shoulder pain, instability, swelling, restricted movement or injuries involving the ACL, PCL, meniscus, rotator cuff, cartilage, tendons or muscles. Assessment combines injury history and examination with appropriate imaging to define the damaged structure and its severity. Treatment may begin with medication, activity modification and sports physiotherapy, followed when needed by arthroscopy, ligament reconstruction, tendon repair or joint-preserving procedures. The goal is to relieve pain, restore stable movement and help each patient return safely to sport or daily activity.