Samples are received from patients undergoing routine screening, investigation of symptoms, hospital treatment or follow-up of a known condition. Each specimen is identified, processed and analysed using the appropriate laboratory method, with quality checks and specialist interpretation applied before reporting. Depending on the question, pathways include blood and urine analysis, culture and sensitivity, molecular testing or tissue examination, with urgent results communicated promptly. The department aims to give clinicians dependable evidence for accurate diagnosis, safer treatment choices and effective monitoring of response.